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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(4): S171-S197, agosto 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1281039

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) continúan representando una importante causa de morbimortalidad en nuestro medio. El manejo normatizado de casos constituye una valiosa herramienta para enfrentarlas.Además de los aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas enfermedades, el análisis de factores de riesgo (tanto biológicos como socioambientales), desde una perspectiva local y actual, permitie implementar medidas efectivas de control y/o prevención, así como identificar aquellos pacientes susceptibles de presentar formas graves o complicaciones.Desde 1996 la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría asumió el desafío de generar un documento que guíe el manejo integral de los pacientes con IRAB. En esta cuarta actualización se incluyen los últimos adelantos en el tema.


Acute lower respiratory infections (ARI) continue being an important cause of morbidity and mortality in our region. Standardized case management is a valuable tool to deal with them.In addition to aspects related to the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, the analysis of risk factors (both biological and socio-environmental) from a local and current perspective, allows the implementation of effective control and/or prevention measures, as well as identifying those patients susceptible to presenting serious forms or complications.Since 1996, the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría asumed the challenge of generating a document that guides the comprehensive management of patients with ARI. This fourth update includes the latest advances on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/therapy , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 18(1): 33-44, abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369717

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO. Comparar la gravedad de las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAb) producidas por Adenovirus (ADV) entre los años 2015 y 2016, en el Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río. MÉTODOS. Se identificó a pacientes hospitalizados por IRAb por ADV, y se registró edad, sexo, días de hospitalización, ingreso a unidad de paciente crítico (UPC), necesidad de ventilación mecánica (VM), entre otros. Se comparó la evolución de los pacientes, y se analizó la relación entre gravedad y presencia de infecciones asociadas a atención de salud (IAAS). RESULTADOS. Se identificó 158 pacientes hospitalizados por IRAb por ADV. La relación hombre: mujer fue 6:4, con una edad promedio de 17.4 meses. La media de días de hospitalización fue de 9.88 el 2015 y 16.06 el 2016 (p=0.01). El promedio de días de oxigenoterapia fue de 5.86 el 2015 y 8.76 el 2016. Un 22.8% (n:36) de los pacientes ingresó a UPC, y el 20.25% (n:32) requirió VM. Un 41.8% de los casos (n:66) correspondió a IAAS. 3 pacientes fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES. Durante el 2016 hubo hospitalizaciones más prolongadas en comparación al 2015, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a requerimientos de oxigenoterapia, VM y fallecimiento. La prolongación de la hospitalización se podría asociar a mayor presencia de IAAS.


OBJETIVE. To compare the severity of lower respiratory infections produced by Adenovirus between 2015 and 2016 at the Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río. METHODS. We identified patients hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection for ADV and we recorded age, sex, days of hospitalization, admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation (MV), among others. The evolution of the patients between the two years were compared. The relationship between severity and the presence of nosocomial infections was also analyzed. RESULTS. We identified 158 hospitalized patients for ADV. The male:female ratio was 6:4, with an average age of 17.4 months. The mean of hospitalization days was 9.88 days in 2015 and 16.06 days in 2016 (p = 0.01). The average number of oxygen therapy days was 5.86 in 2015 and 8.76 in 2016. The 22.8% (n: 36) of cases required admission in the ICU, and 20.25% (n: 32) required MV. The 41.8% (n: 66) of cases corresponded to nosocomial infections. 3 patients died. CONCLUSIONS. During 2016, there were longer hospitalizations for adenovirus infections compared to 2015, without significant differences in relation to oxygen therapy, MV requirements and death. The prolongation of the hospitalization could be associated by the greater presence of nosocomial infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Cross Infection , Community-Acquired Infections , Adenoviridae Infections/complications , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Adenoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Adenoviridae Infections/therapy , Adenoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Length of Stay
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(1): S17-S35, feb. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1147358

ABSTRACT

La presente revisión de la "Guía de diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con fibrosis quística"publicada en el año 2014 tiene como objetivo actualizar el conocimiento acerca de varios aspectos relacionados con el manejo clínico de la enfermedad, según los avances científicos publicados y en desarrollo en los últimos años. Solo se tratarán aquí tópicos nuevos y aquellos que, a la luz de la investigación, requieren ser modificados, por lo que el contenido de la anterior guía permanece vigente en el resto de las cuestiones.Los aspectos actualizados se dan en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad por los cambios realizados en el test del sudor, la pesquisa neonatal y la biología molecular, la actualización de estudios de seguimiento, como el índice de aclaramiento pulmonar y la resonancia magnética nuclear, y modificaciones con respecto al área nutricional (diabetes secundaria a fibrosis quística) y el tratamiento kinésico y de rehabilitación pulmonar


The present revision of the Guide for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis published in 2014 aims to update the knowledge about various aspects related to the clinical management of the disease, according to the scientific advances published and in development in recent years. Only new topics will be discussed here and those that, in light of the research, require modification, so the content of the previous guide remains valid in the rest of the aspects.The updated aspects range over the diagnosis of the disease due to the changes made in the sweat test, the neonatal screening and molecular biology, the update of follow-up studies, such as the Lung Clearance Index and the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and modifications regarding the nutritional area (diabetes secondary to cystic fibrosis) and the physiotherapy treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Cystic Fibrosis/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy
5.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 6366-6376, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-921795

ABSTRACT

Respiratory infectious diseases are important diseases causing major public safety events, posing a great threat to life, health, and social development. Effective control and scientific treatment of the diseases is the key basis for ensuring the stability and long-term development of the community of a shared future for human health. Although the pathogens of respiratory viral infectious diseases are diverse and the process is complex, the common pathological basis of their pathogenesis is characterized by the "damage-repair" functional imbalance of the immune microenvironment of the lesions, which leads to the subsequent structural and functional destruction of important organs. Therefore, the treatment should focus on antivirus and immunological regulation, strengthen the protection against immune injury, and promote the functional repair of damaged tissues. The above conclusions are the scientific core of host-directed therapies(HDT), which coincides with "human-disease co-treatment and healthy qi and pathogen interaction" in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theories. Under the support of TCM and western medicine theories, the complete pathological chain "infection-immunity-injury" of respiratory viral infectious diseases is integrated with dynamic change in "healthy qi-pathogen" in TCM to transform the treatment focus from the diseases to the patients. It is possible to fundamentally correct the "damage-repair" imbalance in the disease state, change the environment for disease development, and bring benefits to patients by strengthening human intervention, maintaining immune homeostasis, enhancing the protection of tissues and organs, and promoting the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. This study focused on the common and key pathological processes of respiratory infectious diseases, especially the immune damage caused by the viral infection, to seek effective prevention and treatment strategies, review relevant theoretical progress, summarize effective drug candidates, prospect future research and development, and highlight the therapeutic characteristics of TCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy
6.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(1): 72-80, jan.-mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138457

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição das unidades de terapia intensiva para adultos, segundo a região geográfica e o setor sanitário no Rio de Janeiro, e investigar a mortalidade por infecção respiratória aguda grave no setor público e sua associação com a capacidade de terapia intensiva no setor público. Métodos: Avaliamos a variação da disponibilidade de terapia intensiva e a mortalidade por infecção respiratória aguda grave no setor público em diferentes áreas da cidade em 2014. Utilizamos as bases de dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS. Resultados: Foi ampla a variação na disponibilidade de leitos em unidades de terapia intensiva per capita (desde 4,0 leitos de terapia intensiva por 100 mil habitantes em hospitais públicos na zona oeste até 133,6 leitos em unidades de terapia intensiva por 100 mil habitantes nos hospitais privados na zona central) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O setor privado respondeu pelo suprimento de quase 75% dos leitos em unidades de terapia intensiva. Uma análise espacial com base em mapas mostrou falta de leitos em unidades de terapia intensiva em vastas extensões territoriais nas regiões menos desenvolvidas da cidade. Houve correlação inversa (r = -0,829; IC95% -0,946 - -0,675) entre a quantidade de leitos públicos em unidade de terapia intensiva per capita em diferentes áreas de planejamento em saúde na cidade e a mortalidade por infecção respiratória aguda grave em hospitais públicos. Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostram disponibilidade desproporcional de leitos em unidades de terapia intensiva na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e a necessidade de uma distribuição racional da terapia intensiva.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the distribution of adult intensive care units according to geographic region and health sector in Rio de Janeiro and to investigate severe acute respiratory infection mortality in the public sector and its association with critical care capacity in the public sector. Methods: We evaluated the variation in intensive care availability and severe acute respiratory infection mortality in the public sector across different areas of the city in 2014. We utilized databases from the National Registry of Health Establishments, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the National Mortality Information System and the Hospital Admission Information System. Results: There is a wide range of intensive care unit beds per capita (from 4.0 intensive care unit beds per 100,000 people in public hospitals in the West Zone to 133.6 intensive care unit beds per 100,000 people in private hospitals in the Center Zone) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The private sector accounts for almost 75% of the intensive care unit bed supply. The more developed areas of the city concentrate most of the intensive care unit services. Map-based spatial analysis shows a lack of intensive care unit beds in vast territorial extensions in the less developed regions of the city. There is an inverse correlation (r = -0.829; 95%CI -0.946 to -0.675) between public intensive care unit beds per capita in different health planning areas of the city and severe acute respiratory infection mortality in public hospitals. Conclusion: Our results show a disproportionate intensive care unit bed provision across the city of Rio de Janeiro and the need for a rational distribution of intensive care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Urban Health , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Spatial Analysis
7.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 23(4): e002075, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141362

ABSTRACT

A partir de una consulta en la central de emergencias de un niño con tos aguda, el autor del artículo realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica para revisar la evidencia sobre el uso de la miel para aliviar este síntoma. Luego de la lectura crítica de una revisión sistemática, el autor concluye que ésta podría ser una alternativa elegible frente a los jarabes para la tos, por su perfil de seguridad y su posible beneficio en el alivio de la tos. (AU)


Based on a consultation at the emergency room of a child with acute cough, the author of this article performs a bibliographic search to review the evidence on the use of honey to alleviate this symptom. After the critical appraisal of a systematic review, the author concludes that honey could be an eligible alternative to cough syrups, due to its safety profile and its possible benefit in cough relief. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Cough/therapy , Honey , Antitussive Agents/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Cough/classification , Cough/physiopathology , Cough/drug therapy , Dextromethorphan/therapeutic use , Diphenhydramine/therapeutic use , Fever , Ambulatory Care/methods , Systematic Reviews as Topic
8.
Med. infant ; 26(4): 364-367, dic. 2019. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1047049

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Oxigenoterapia de Alto Flujo (OAF) es una técnica de soporte respiratorio no invasiva, que ofrece un flujo de aire y oxígeno, caliente y humidificado, por encima del flujo pico inspiratorio del paciente, a través de una cánula nasal. En este artículo se presenta la experiencia con OAF en una sala de pediatría de mediana y baja complejidad para el tratamiento de bronquiolitis/ infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB). Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un protocolo para la implementación de OAF. Criterios de inclusión: Pacientes cursando bronquiolitis/ IRAB con: Score de Tal modificado ≥6, Sat O2 < 92% y/o mala mecánica ventilatoria, a pesar de recibir más de 2 lt/ min de O2 por cánula nasal ó FiO2 >40%. Criterios de exclusión, pCO2 ≥55 mmHg; pH: < 7,20; Apneas ≥20 segundos; Glasgow ≤10; Peso >15 kg. Inestabilidad hemodinámica; Alteraciones craneofaciales. Resultados: En el periodo 2017- 2018 se internaron 441 pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda baja. Se administró OAF a 54 pacientes (12%). La mediana de edad mediana 7,4 meses (r: 27 días-36 meses). Los pacientes ingresados no presentaban comorbilidades asociadas. El 22,2% (12/54) fueron trasladados a UTIP (2,7% del total de los internados). El 64.8% de los pacientes que permanecieron en sala de internación, mostró mejoría en FC y FR a las 4 hs. Por el contrario, en el 75% de los pacientes que requirieron UTIP no se evidenció mejoría en estos parámetros. Conclusiones: La OAF es una alternativa terapéutica que podría disminuir el ingreso a UTIP en pacientes con dificultad respiratoria moderada. En nuestra experiencia resultó fácil de implementar, sin efectos adversos graves (AU)


Introduction: High-flow oxygen (HFO) therapy is a non-invasive oxygen support technique that provides hot and humidified air and oxygen flow above the peak inspiratory flow of the patient through a nasal cannula. In this study we present our experience with HFO on a intermediate and low complexity ward for the treatment of bronchiolitis/acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Material and methods: A protocol for the implementation of HFO was designed. Inclusion criteria: Patients with bronchiolitis/ALRI with: Modified Tal score ≥6, Sat O2 < 92%, and/or poor ventilatory mechanism, in spite of receiving more than 2 L/ min O2 by nasal cannula or FiO2 >40%. Exclusion criteria: pCO2 ≥55 mmHg; pH: < 7.20; Apnea ≥20 seconds; Glasgow score ≤10; Peso >15 kg. Hemodynamic instability; Craniofacial abnormalities. Results: During 2017- 2018, 441 patients were admitted with LRTI. HFO was administered to 54 patients (12%). Median age was 7.4 months (r: 27 days-36 months). The patients that were included in the study did not have associated morbidities. Overall, 22.2% (12/54) were transferred to the PICU (2.7% of all hospitalized patients). Of the patients who remained on the ward, 64.8% improved FC and FR after 4 hours. On the other hand, in 75% of the patients that required PICU admission these parameters did not improve. Conclusions: HFO is a therapeutic option to decrease PICU admission of patients with moderate respiratory difficulties. The protocol was easy to implement and was not associated with severe adverse effects (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/instrumentation , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Cannula
9.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 14(1): 12-18, abr. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-995613

ABSTRACT

Acute respiratory infections represent a world pediatric health burden. RSV, influenza and adenoviruses are among the most frequent causative agents. Adenoviruses usually produce upper respiratory infections, but they can be responsible for acute lower respiratory infection in children with severe clinical outcome. It is necessary a special clinical and epidemiological organization to avoid nosocomial adenovirus local outbreaks. Rapid diagnose, done by immunofluorescence assay and PCR, individual case isolation and supportive therapy are necessary for an appropriate management. The increasing immune compromised population represents a challenge for the adenovirus diagnosis with quantitative PCR and for nosocomial infection control and potential antiviral treatment.


Las infecciones respiratorias agudas son un problema prioritario mundial de morbimortalidad infantil y son causadas predominantemente por virus, entre los que destacan el virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS), virus influenza (FLU) y adenovirus (ADV). Los ADV normalmente causan infecciones respiratorias altas, pero pueden provocar infecciones bajas muy graves, que dejan secuelas y tienen alta letalidad. Requieren un manejo clínico y epidemiológico especial para evitar los graves brotes nosocomiales observados en Latinoamérica. Esto incluye un diagnóstico rápido hecho con técnicas de inmunodiagnóstico y reacción en cadena polimerasa (PCR), aislamiento individual del paciente y terapia de soporte. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos, la infección por ADV representa un gran desafío para el diagnóstico, con uso de PCR cuantitativo (qPCR) y eventual tratamiento antiviral. El objetivo de esta revisión es el de actualizar las propiedades, patogenia, epidemiología y diagnóstico del ADV, con énfasis en los cuadros respiratorios de mayor morbimortalidad que se producen en algunos niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/diagnosis , Adenovirus Infections, Human/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/therapy , Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(4): e20190122, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012570

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Bronchiectasis is a condition that has been increasingly diagnosed by chest HRCT. In the literature, bronchiectasis is divided into bronchiectasis secondary to cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis not associated with cystic fibrosis, which is termed non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Many causes can lead to the development of bronchiectasis, and patients usually have chronic airway symptoms, recurrent infections, and CT abnormalities consistent with the condition. The first international guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis was published in 2010. In Brazil, this is the first review document aimed at systematizing the knowledge that has been accumulated on the subject to date. Because there is insufficient evidence on which to base recommendations for various treatment topics, here the decision was made to prepare an expert consensus document. The Brazilian Thoracic Association Committee on Respiratory Infections summoned 10 pulmonologists with expertise in bronchiectasis in Brazil to conduct a critical assessment of the available scientific evidence and international guidelines, as well as to identify aspects that are relevant to the understanding of the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis and to its diagnostic and therapeutic management. Five broad topics were established (pathophysiology, diagnosis, monitoring of stable patients, treatment of stable patients, and management of exacerbations). After this subdivision, the topics were distributed among the authors, who conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature, giving priority to major publications in the specific areas, including original articles, review articles, and systematic reviews. The authors reviewed and commented on all topics, producing a single final document that was approved by consensus.


RESUMO Bronquiectasias têm se mostrado uma condição cada vez mais diagnosticada com a utilização da TCAR de tórax. Na literatura, a terminologia utilizada separa as bronquiectasias entre secundárias à fibrose cística e aquelas não associadas à fibrose cística, denominadas bronquiectasias não fibrocísticas neste documento. Muitas causas podem levar ao desenvolvimento de bronquiectasias, e o paciente geralmente tem sintomas crônicos de vias aéreas, infecções recorrentes e alterações tomográficas compatíveis com a condição. Em 2010, foi publicada a primeira diretriz internacional sobre diagnóstico e tratamento das bronquiectasias não fibrocísticas. No Brasil, este é o primeiro documento de revisão com o objetivo de sistematizar o conhecimento acumulado sobre o assunto até o momento. Como para vários tópicos do tratamento não há evidências suficientes para recomendações, optou-se aqui pela construção de um documento de consenso entre especialistas. A Comissão de Infecções Respiratórias da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia reuniu 10 pneumologistas com expertise em bronquiectasias no Brasil para avaliar criticamente as evidências científicas e diretrizes internacionais, assim como identificar aspectos relevantes à compreensão da heterogeneidade da doença bronquiectásica e a seu manejo diagnóstico e terapêutico. Foram determinados cinco grandes tópicos (fisiopatologia; diagnóstico; monitorização do paciente estável; tratamento do paciente estável; e manejo das exacerbações). Após essa subdivisão, os tópicos foram distribuídos entre os autores, que realizaram uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, priorizando as principais publicações nas áreas específicas, incluindo artigos originais e de revisão, assim como revisões sistemáticas. Os autores revisaram e opinaram sobre todos os tópicos, formando um documento único final que foi aprovado por todos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchiectasis/therapy , Bronchiectasis/diagnostic imaging , Consensus , Quality of Life , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Brazil , Bronchiectasis/etiology , Bronchiectasis/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Chronic Disease , Disease Management
11.
An. Facultad Med. (Univ. Repúb. Urug., En línea) ; 5(1): 45-55, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY, UY-BNMED | ID: biblio-1088671

ABSTRACT

Durante el invierno las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) determinan un incremento en la demanda asistencial, afectando sobre todo a los niños más pequeños. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir las características clínicas, modalidades de tratamiento y evolución de los menores de 2 años hospitalizados en el Hospital Pediátrico-Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell por IRAB de etiología viral durante el invierno de 2014. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, describiendo las características de los menores de 2 años hospitalizados del 9/6 al 21/9/2014 por IRAB de probable etiología viral. Se describieron las características epidemiológicas y clínicas, el tratamiento realizado y la evolución de los pacientes. En el período evaluado egresaron 742 niños (34% de los egresos de la institución). Tenían una mediana de edad de 4 meses; 18% presentaba al menos un factor de riesgo de IRAB grave. Se identificó al virus respiratorio sincicial en 59,6%. La estadía hospitalaria tuvo una mediana de 4 días. En las salas de cuidados moderados se aplicó ventilación no invasiva a 46 niños, y oxigenación de alto flujo a 129 niños, logrando una mejoría clínica en el 87,0% y el 87,6% respectivamente. Ingresaron a unidades de cuidados intensivos 217 niños, 54% requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. Dos pacientes fallecieron. En el período evaluado los niños pequeños con IRAB representaron una importante proporción de los egresos, con importante carga asistencial. La mayoría eran niños sin factores de riesgo. La aplicación de las técnicas de tratamiento en cuidados moderados fue efectiva, permitiendo disminuir la demanda de camas de cuidados intensivos.


During the winter, low acute respiratory infections (LARI) determine an increase in care demand, especially affecting younger children. The objective of the research was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and evolution of children under 2 years of age hospitalized at the Hospital Pediátrico-Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell for viral etiology LARI during the 2014 winter. A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted, describing the characteristics of children under 2 years hospitalized between 9/6 and 9/21/2014 for LARI of probable viral etiology. The following features were described: epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment performed and patient's evolution. During the period evaluated, 742 children were discharged (34% of the institution's admissions). They had a median age of 4 months; 18% had at least one risk factor for severe LARI. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in 59.6%. The hospital stay had a median of 4 days. In moderate care rooms noninvasive ventilation was applied to 46 children, and high flow oxygenation to 129 children, achieving clinical improvement in 87.0% and 87.6%, respectively. Two hundred and seventeen children were admitted 54% required mechanical ventilation. Two patients died. In the evaluated period small children with LARI represented a significant proportion of the discharges, with an important burden of care. The majority were children without risk factors. The application of treatment techniques in moderate care was effective, allowed a decrease in the demand for intensive care beds.


Durante o inverno, as infecções respiratórias agudas baixas (IRAB) determinam o aumento da demanda de cuidados, afetando especialmente as crianças menores. O objetivo da pesquisa foi descrever as características clínicas, as modalidades de tratamento e a evolução de crianças menores de dois anos hospitalizados no Hospital Pediátrico-Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell devido a IRAB de etiologia viral, durante o inverno de 2014. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, descrevendo as características das crianças menores de 2 anos hospitalizadas entre 9/6 e 21/9/2014 devido a IRAB de provável etiologia viral. Descreveram-se: características epidemiológicas e clínicas, tratamento realizado e evolução dos pacientes. Durante o período avaliado, 742 crianças foram hospitalizadas (34% dos ingressos da instituição). Tinham uma idade média de 4 meses; 18% tinham pelo menos um fator de risco para IRAB severa. O vírus sincicial respiratório foi identificado em 59,6%. A estadia hospitalaria teve uma mediana de 4 dias. Em salas de cuidados moderados, a ventilação não invasiva foi aplicada a 46 crianças e a oxigenação de alto fluxo a 129 crianças, atingindo melhora clínica em 87,0% e 87,6%, respectivamente. Foram internadas em unidades de terapia intensiva 217 crianças, 54% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica. Dois pacientes faleceram. No período avaliado, as crianças pequenas com IRAB representaram uma proporção significativa das despesas, com um carga importante de atendimento. A maioria carecia de fatores de risco. A aplicação de técnicas de tratamento em cuidados moderados foi eficaz, permitindo uma diminuição da demanda por leitos de terapia intensiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , High-Frequency Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality , Child, Hospitalized/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications , Cold Climate/adverse effects , Age Distribution
12.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 89(2): 78-85, abr. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-950126

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) constituyen un importante problema de salud en invierno. El centro de referencia nacional en Uruguay ofrece a niños con IRAB ventilación no invasiva (VNI) y cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) en cuidados moderados. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, tratamiento y evolución de los niños asistidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Respiratorios Especiales Agudos (CREA) del Hospital Pediátrico de referencia nacional. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo. Se incluyeron todos los niños hospitalizados por IRAB asistidos en CREA que recibieron VNI y/o CNAF entre 1/1/13 y 31/12/16. Se revisaron historias clínicas. Variables: características clínicas, tratamientos, complicaciones, evolución y destino. Resultados: se asistieron 650 niños (348 con CNAF; 302 con VNI); sexo masculino 63% (407). Bronquiolitis 63% (406), se detectó virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS) en 60% (388). Media de edad en niños que recibieron CNAF 11 meses (9 días-108 meses); promedio duración de la técnica: 3 días. Requirieron ingreso a unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI): 12% (43); asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM): 6% (22). Media de edad en niños que recibieron VNI :12 meses (1-132 meses); media de duración de la técnica: 3 días. Requirieron ingreso a UCI 16% (49); AVM: 9,6% (29). No se registraron fallecimientos ni complicaciones graves. Conclusiones: el 85% de los niños completó su tratamiento en la Unidad CREA. El porcentaje de niños que requirió AVM fue bajo. La implementación de estas técnicas en cuidados moderados redujo la necesidad de ingreso a UCI y probablemente la necesidad de AVM.


Summary: Introduction: acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a major health problem in winter. The National Reference Center in Uruguay offers children with LRTI, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (CNAF) in moderate care. Objective: to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and evolution of the children assisted in Special Respiratory Care Acute (CREA unit), in a national pediatric reference hospital. Patients and methods: retrospective, descriptive study. All children hospitalized for LRTI assisted in CREA who received NIV and / or CNAF between 1/1/13 and 12/31/16 were included in the study. Clinical records were reviewed. Variables: clinical characteristics, treatment, complications, evolution and destination. Results: a total of 650 children were assisted (348 with CNAF, 302 with NIV); male sex 63% (407). Bronchiolitis 63% (406), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was detected in 60% (388). Mean age in children receiving CNAF was 11 months (9 days - 108 months); mean duration of technique was 3 days. Required admission to intensive care unit (ICU): 12% (43); invasive ventilation (IV) 6% (22). Mean age in children receiving NIV 12 months (1-132 months); mean duration of technique 3 days. Required admission to the ICU 49 (16%); IV 29 (9.6%). There were no deaths or serious complications. Conclusions: 85% of this group of children completed their treatment in the CREA unit. The percentage of children who required IV was low. The implementation of these techniques in moderate care reduced the need to enter an ICU and the need for IV.


Resumo: Introdução: as infecções respiratórias agudas baixas (IRAB) são um importante problema de saúde no inverno. O centro de referência nacional no Uruguai oferece ventilação não invasiva (NIV) e cânula nasal de alto fluxo (CNAF) em cuidados moderados às crianças com IRAB. Objetivo: descrever as características clínicas, tratamento e evolução das crianças atendidas na Unidade Especial de Tratamento Respiratório Agudo (CREA) do Hospital de Referência Nacional de Pediatria. Pacientes e métodos: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo. No estudo foram incluídas todas as crianças hospitalizadas por causa da IRAB atendidas no CREA que receberam VNI e / ou CNAF entre 1/1/13 e 31/12/16. Foram revisadas as histórias clínicas. Variáveis: características clínicas, tratamentos, complicações, evolução e destino. Resultados: 650 crianças foram atendidas (348 com CNAF, 302 com NIV); sexo masculino 63% (407). Bronquiolite 63% (406), o Vírus Respiratório Sincicial (VRS) foi detectado em 60% (388). Idade média em crianças que receberam CNAF: 11 meses (9 dias-108 meses); Duração média da técnica: 3 dias. Necessidade para admissão nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI): 12% (43); assistência ventilatória mecânica (MAV) 6% (22). Idade média em crianças que receberam VNI: 12 meses (1-132 meses); duração média da técnica: 3 dias. Deveram ser admitidos na UTI: 16% (49); AVM 9,6% (29). Nenhuma morte ou complicações sérias foram registradas. Conclusões: 85% das crianças completaram o tratamento na unidade CREA. A porcentagem de crianças que necessitaram de AVM foi baixa. A implementação dessas técnicas em cuidados moderados reduziu a necessidade de internação na UTI e, provavelmente, a necessidade de MAV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , High-Frequency Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Uruguay , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Child, Hospitalized , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(11): 3711-3722, Nov. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890198

ABSTRACT

Resumo Estima-se que aproximadamente 30% das doenças infantis possam ser atribuídas a fatores ambientais e 40% acometem crianças com idade inferior a cinco anos, representando cerca de 10% da população mundial. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a relação das variáveis climáticas na prevalência de infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) em crianças menores de dois anos em Rondonópolis-MT, de 1999 a 2014. Usou-se um estudo do tipo transversal com abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, com dados do banco de dados meteorológicos para ensino e pesquisa e do sistema de informações em saúde. Para a análise estatística, foi ajustado o modelo binomial negativo pertencente à classe dos modelos lineares generalizados, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%, com base na plataforma estatística R. Estimou-se que o número médio de casos de IRA diminui em aproximadamente 7,9% a cada grau centígrado de aumento acima da média da temperatura do ar e diminua cerca de 1,65% a cada 1% de aumento acima da média da umidade relativa do ar. Já a precipitação pluviométrica não apresentou relação com estes casos. Cabe à equipe interdisciplinar, reorientar ações práticas que auxiliem no controle e na redução dos números significativos de IRA na atenção primária à saúde, relacionados com as questões climáticas em crianças.


Abstract It is estimated that approximately 30% of childhood diseases can be attributed to environmental factors and 40% involve children under the age of five years old, representing about 10% of world population. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of climate variables in the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children under two years old, in Rondonopolis-MT, from 1999 to 2014. It was used a cross-sectional study with a quantitative and a descriptive approach with meteorological teaching and research data from the database from the health information system. For statistical analysis, it adjusted the negative binomial model belonging to the class of generalized linear models, adopting a significance level of 5%, based on the statistical platform R. The average number of cases of ARI decreases at approximately by 7.9% per degree centigrade increase above the average air temperature and decrease about 1.65% per 1% increase over the average air relative humidity. Already, the rainfall not associated with these cases. It is the interdisciplinary team refocus practical actions to assist in the control and reduction of ARI significant numbers in primary health care, related climate issues in children.


Subject(s)
Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Climate , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Temperature , Brazil/epidemiology , Linear Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Models, Statistical , Databases, Factual , Humidity
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(3): 277-281, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1038371

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar las características de los pacientes menores de 2 años que padecieron una infección respiratoria aguda baja moderada-grave tratados precozmente con presión positiva continua en la vía aérea de burbuja y los factores asociados al éxito de la intervención. Método. Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Niños menores de 2 años internados en Cuidados Intermedios Pediátricos del Hospital Provincial Neuquén entre junio de 2009 y diciembre de 2010. Se aplicó presión positiva continua en la vía aérea de burbuja y se midieron frecuencias cardíacas y respiratorias, puntaje de Tal, saturación y fracción inspirada de oxígeno a las 0, 2, 6, 24 y 48 h. Resultados. Se incluyeron 120 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 3 meses. La intervención fue exitosa en el 72% de los casos. A las 2 h, un descenso del 15% de la frecuencia respiratoria y de 2 puntos en el puntaje de Tal fueron predictores del éxito, con un OR 6,41 (IC 95%: 2,68-15,36) y 9,07 (IC 95%: 3,72-22,19), respectivamente.Conclusiones. La disminución de la frecuencia respiratoria, de la frecuencia cardíaca y del puntaje de Tal a las 2 horas de inicio fueron predictores de éxito.


Objective. To analyze the characteristics of patients younger than 2 years old who had a moderate to severe acute lower respiratory tract infection and were treated early with bubble continuous positive airway pressure, and factors associated with a successful intervention. Method. Retrospective and descriptive study. Children younger than 2 years old admitted to the Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit of Hospital Provincial Neuquen between June 2009 and December 2010. Bubble continuous positive airway pressure was used, and the following outcomes were measured: heart rate, respiratory rate, Tal's score, oxygen saturation, and fraction of inspired oxygen at 0, 2, 6, 24, and 48 h. Results. One hundred and twenty patients were included. Their median age was 3 months old. The intervention was successful in 72% of patients. At 2 h, a 15% reduction in respiratory rate, and a 2-point decrease in Tal's score were predictors of success, with an odds ratio of 6.41 (95% confidence interval: 2.68-15.36), and of 9.07 (95% confidence interval: 3.72-22.19), respectively. Conclusions. A reduction in respiratory rate, heart rate, and Tal's score at 2 hours of starting the intervention were predictors of success.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Severity of Illness Index , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Early Medical Intervention
15.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(2): f:123-l:127, mar.-abr. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833909

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: As doenças cardiovasculares têm aumentado em todo o mundo nas últimas décadas devido ao aumento na ocorrência de fatores desencadeantes. No período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiovascular, os pacientes experimentam um declínio funcional, que pode ser potencializado pelo tempo de internação hospitalar. Portanto, é importante avaliar a capacidade funcional destes pacientes. Objetivo: Comparar o tempo de internação hospitalar com a velocidade da marcha em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado no Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia (Incardio) da Santa Casa de Misericórdia (Feira de Santana, Bahia). Na alta hospitalar, todos os pacientes foram avaliados com o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6). O tempo de internação hospitalar no período pós-operatório foi também registrado no momento da avaliação e correlacionado com a velocidade da marcha. Utilizamos o teste de KolmogorovSmirnov para avaliar a suposição de normalidade e a correlação de Spearman para correlacionar a velocidade da marcha com a idade, tempo de hospitalização e com a duração da circulação extracorpórea (CEC) e da ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). Todas as conclusões foram baseadas em um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Ao todo, 64 pacientes foram incluídos (33 homens [51,5%], idade média 57,2 ± 14,06 anos). A distância média percorrida pelos pacientes foi de 375,8 ± 197,6 metros, a média da velocidade da marcha foi de 0,98 ± 0,53 m/s e a média de permanência hospitalar foi de 8,2 ± 2,3 dias. Foi observada uma fraca correlação entre o tempo de internação hospitalar e a velocidade da marcha (r = 0,27 e p = 0,02). Conclusão: A duração da hospitalização mostrou uma fraca correlação com a velocidade da marcha na alta hospitalar em uma amostra de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca


Background: Cardiovascular diseases have been increasing worldwide in recent decades due to the increased occurrence of triggering factors. In the postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery, patients experience a functional decline, which may be potentiated by the length of hospital stay. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these patients' functional capacity. Objective: To compare the length of hospital stay with the gait speed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery Method: Prospective, cohort study carried out at the Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia (Incardio) at Santa Casa de Misericórdia (Feira de Santana, Bahia). Upon discharge, all patients were evaluated with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The length of hospital stay in the postoperative period was also recorded at the same time and correlate with the gait speed. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to evaluate the assumption of normality, and Spearman's correlation to correlate the gait velocity with age, length of hospital stay, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). All conclusions were based on a significance level of 5%. Results: In all, 64 patients were included (33 males [51.5%], mean age 57.2 ± 14.06 years). The mean distance walked by the patients was 375.8 ± 197.6 meters, the mean gait speed was 0.98 ± 0.53 m/s, and the mean hospital stay was 8.2 ± 2.3 days. A weak correlation was observed between the length of hospital stay and gait speed (r = 0.27 and p = 0.02). Conclusion: The length of hospital stay correlated weakly with the gait speed upon hospital discharge in a sample of patients undergoing cardiac surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Extracorporeal Circulation , Hospitalization/trends , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Outflow Velocity Measurement , Walking , Age Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/surgery , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Sex Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(1): 60-70, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841261

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In patients with severe respiratory failure, either hypoxemic or hypercapnic, life support with mechanical ventilation alone can be insufficient to meet their needs, especially if one tries to avoid ventilator settings that can cause injury to the lungs. In those patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which is also very effective in removing carbon dioxide from the blood, can provide life support, allowing the application of protective lung ventilation. In this review article, we aim to explore some of the most relevant aspects of using ECMO for respiratory support. We discuss the history of respiratory support using ECMO in adults, as well as the clinical evidence; costs; indications; installation of the equipment; ventilator settings; daily care of the patient and the system; common troubleshooting; weaning; and discontinuation.


RESUMO Em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória grave (hipoxêmica ou hipercápnica), o suporte somente com ventilação mecânica pode ser insuficiente para suas necessidades, especialmente quando se tenta evitar o uso de parâmetros ventilatórios que possam causar danos aos pulmões. Nesses pacientes, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, oxigenação extracorpórea por membrana), que também é muito eficaz na remoção de dióxido de carbono do sangue, pode manter a vida, permitindo o uso de ventilação pulmonar protetora. No presente artigo de revisão, objetivamos explorar alguns dos aspectos mais relevantes do suporte respiratório por ECMO. Discutimos a história do suporte respiratório por ECMO em adultos; evidências clínicas; custos; indicações; instalação do equipamento; parâmetros ventilatórios; cuidado diário do paciente e do sistema; solução de problemas comuns; desmame e descontinuação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects , Hypercapnia , Hypoxia , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy
17.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(6): 648-656, nov.-dic. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-846018

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar las desigualdades en indicadores de atención a niños de 0 a 9 años en México, documentando los cambios en las brechas y gradientes. Material y métodos: Análisis de encuestas nacionales de salud estimando las brechas absoluta y relativa así como el gradiente de desigualdad para cuatro indicadores seleccionados (cobertura de vacunación, atención a infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA), prácticas saludables en enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) y atención por accidentes). Resultados: El análisis documenta el logro de la equidad inmunológica en México y la eliminación de la brecha por condiciones socioeconómicas relacionadas con la atención a accidentes, en tanto que persiste la relacionada con la atención a IRA, misma que también persistente por ámbito de residencia y para la población indígena. Conclusión: En México han disminuido las brechas en los indicadores de salud en niños. Si bien persisten en particular para intervenciones que requieren la participación de los establecimientos de salud, es necesario dirigir acciones específicas para asegurar el acceso homogéneo en todo el país a los servicios e intervenciones.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze inequalities in health care indicators of children 0 to 9 years old in Mexico reporting gap and gradient measures. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analysis of national health surveys in 2000, 2006 and 2012, measuring absolute and relative gap measures as well as the Slope Index of Inequality for four health care indicators (vaccination, care for acute respiratory infections, care for acute diarrheal diseases, and care for accidents) with socioeconomic stratification, as well as absolute gaps by sex, urbanicity and ethnic background. Results: Between 2000 and 2012, immunological equity was reached in Mexico, as well as elimination in the socioeconomic gap related to care for accidents; nevertheless, there is a persistent socioeconomic gap of care for acute respiratory infections that is also there regarding rural residence and indigenous population. Conclusion: In Mexico, there is a trend to the elimination of socioeconomic differences in the probability of receiving adequate health care among children, although some socioeconomic gaps remain in particular related to provision of services that require more participation of health personnel. There is a need to ensure homogenous access to effective services for all.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Health Surveys , Health Status Disparities , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Socioeconomic Factors , Accidents , Cross-Sectional Studies , Vaccination , Diarrhea/therapy , Mexico
19.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 87(1): 5-11, mar. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-780100

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en el Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR) durante los meses fríos, las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) determinan gran demanda asistencial. Para afrontarlas se pone en práctica una estrategia de diagnóstico y tratamiento denominada Plan de Invierno (PI), que se planifica anualmente, en función de las características de los pacientes tratados en años anteriores. Objetivos: describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños que requirieron admisión por IRAB en el HP-CHPR durante los meses fríos del 2012 y describir las principales acciones de la estrategia Plan Invierno del año 2012 (PI-2012). Metodología: se describieron las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los menores de 24 meses que egresaron del HP-CHPR, en el marco de la estrategia PI-2012, por IRAB de probable etiología viral. Se describió las principales acciones de la estrategia de diagnóstico y tratamiento realizada. Resultados: durante el PI-2012 egresaron 887 niños (25,5% de los egresos hospitalarios). La mediana de edad fue 4 meses. Menos de 10% tenía factores de riesgo para enfermedad grave. El virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) fue el más frecuentemente identificado. Se aplicó un protocolo de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se pusieron en práctica técnicas especiales de tratamiento en salas de cuidados moderados. Se aplicó ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en 87 niños, con éxito en 80% de los casos. Se realizó oxigenación de alto flujo (OAF) a 22 niños, con éxito en 100%. Requirieron ingreso a terapia intensiva (CTI) 149 niños, 55,7% requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM). Dos pacientes fallecieron en salas de cuidados moderados, cuatro en CTI. Conclusiones: las IRAB representaron una causa muy importante de morbimortalidad durante el período descripto. Los niños que requirieron ingreso hospitalario eran en su mayoría pequeños. Un porcentaje importante cursó una enfermedad grave, requiriendo modalidades especiales de tratamiento. Es importante continuar en la búsqueda de la mejor estrategia terapéutica para estos niños.


Introduction: during the colder months, acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) determine a considerable increase in the demand for care at the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital (HP-CHPR). In order to respond to such demand the hospital implements a diagnosis and treatment strategy called Winter Plan (WP), which is planned annually based on the characteristics of patients treated in previous years. Objectives: to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and evolution of children with ALRI who required hospitalization in the HP-CHPR during the cold months of 2012, and to describe the main actions of the 2012 Winter Plan strategy (2012 WP). Methodology: epidemiological, clinical and evolution characteristics of children under 24 months discharged from HP-CHPR within the 2012WP strategy were described. The strategy’s main action for diagnosis and treatment were described. Results: 887 children were discharged during the 2012 WP strategy, representing 25.5% of hospital discharges. Median age was 4 months. Less than 10% presented risk factors for severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most frequently identified virus. A protocol for diagnosis and treatment was applied. Special techniques for treatment were implemented in transitional care rooms. 87 children were administered non-invasive ventilation, which was successful in 80% of cases. High-flow oxygen was used in 22 children, being this successful in all patients. 149 children required admission to intensive care unit (ICU) , 55.7% needed mechanical ventilation assistance. Two patients died in the medium unit and four in the ICU. Conclusions: ALRI represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the period described . Most children who required hospitalization were young. A significant percentage presented a severe disease, requiring special treatment modalities. It is important to continue searching for the best therapeutic strategy for these children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Child, Hospitalized/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Uruguay , Cold Climate/adverse effects , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data
20.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 91(5): 413-427, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766169

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of probiotics on the symptoms, duration of disease, and the occurrence of new episodes of upper and lower respiratory infections in healthy children. SOURCES: In order to identify eligible randomized controlled trials, two reviewers accessed four electronic databases [MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science, and Cochrane (Cochrane VHL)], as well as ClinicalTrials.gov until January 2015. Descriptors were determined by using the Medical Subject Headings tool, following the same search protocol. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Studies showed to be heterogeneous regarding strains of probiotics, the mode of administration, the time of use, and outcomes. The present review identified 11 peer-reviewed, randomized clinical trials, which analyzed a total of 2417 children up to 10 incomplete years of age. In the analysis of the studies, reduction in new episodes of disease was a favorable outcome for the use of probiotics in the treatment of respiratory infections in children. It is noteworthy that most of these studies were conducted in developed countries, with basic sanitation, health care, and strict, well-established and well-organized guidelines on the use of probiotics. Adverse effects were rarely reported, demonstrating probiotics to be safe. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the encouraging results - reducing new episodes of respiratory infections - the authors emphasize the need for further research, especially in developing countries, where rates of respiratory infections in children are higher when compared to the high per capita-income countries identified in this review.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito do uso de probióticos na redução dos sintomas, da duração da doença e da ocorrência de novos episódios de infecções respiratórias superior e inferior em crianças saudáveis. FONTES DE DADOS: Com a finalidade de identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados elegíveis, dois revisores acessaram quatro bases de dados eletrônicas (Medline/PubMed, Scopus [Elsevier], Web of Science e Cochrane [The Cochrane Library]), além do ClinicalTrials.gov, até janeiro de 2015. Foram usados descritores, por meio da ferramenta Medical Subject Headings, e foi seguido um mesmo protocolo de busca. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os estudos apresentaram grande heterogeneidade em relação às cepas de probióticos, à forma de administração, ao tempo de uso e aos desfechos. Identificamos 11 ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisados por pares, que analisaram 2.417 crianças até 10 anos incompletos. Na análise dos estudos, redução de novos episódios de doença foi o desfecho favorável ao uso dos probióticos no tratamento das infecções respiratórias na criança. Importante salientar que essas pesquisas foram feitas, em sua maioria, em países desenvolvidos, com condições de saneamento, de assistência à saúde e de regulamentação rigorosa ao uso de probióticos bem estabelecidos e organizados. Quanto aos efeitos adversos, pouco relatados, configuram os probióticos como seguros. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do resultado encorajador - redução de novos episódios de infecções respiratórias - destacamos a necessidade de pesquisas futuras, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento, onde as taxas de infecções respiratórias na criança são maiores quando comparadas com as dos países de elevada renda per capita identificados nesta revisão.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Bias , Developed Countries , Probiotics/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Recurrence , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Time Factors
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